Signed total double Roman dominatıon numbers in digraphs

Let D = (V, A) be a finite simple digraph. A signed total double Roman dominating function (STDRD-function) on the digraph D is a function f : V (D) → {−1, 1, 2, 3} satisfying the following conditions: (i) P x∈N−(v) f(x) ≥ 1 for each v ∈ V (D), where N−(v) consist of all in-neighbors of v, and (ii) if f(v) = −1, then the vertex v must have at least two in-neighbors assigned 2 under f or one in-neighbor assigned 3 under f, while if f(v) = 1, then the vertex v must have at least one in-neighbor assigned 2 or 3 under f. The weight of a STDRD-function f is the value P x∈V (D) f(x). The signed total double Roman domination number (STDRD-number) γtsdR(D) of a digraph D is the minimum weight of a STDRD-function on D. In this paper we study the STDRD-number of digraphs, and we present lower and upper bounds for γtsdR(D) in terms of the order, maximum degree and chromatic number of a digraph. In addition, we determine the STDRD-number of some classes of digraphs.Publisher's Versio

Does Sensory–Motor Integration ExercisesEffect on Static And Dynamic Balance in Children with Trainable Mental Retardation?

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of sensory- motor integration exercises on static and dynamic balance in children with trainable mental retardation. Materials & Methods: In this semi experimental research, with Purposive sampling method 40 subjects from GOLHAYE BEHESHT rehabilitation and training center with the mean age 8.48±2.81 years and mean IQ 30.62±6.81 participated. All children were pre tested. Then According to both factors (IQ and pretest scores) subjects divided randomly in two (experimental & control) equal groups. Each group were consist of 10 boys & 10 girls .Balance evaluated by balance part of Bruininks – Ossietzky Test of Motor Proficiency were used .experimental group encounter to Sensory stimulation and perform physical exercises during 50 sessions ؛ each session was 45 minutes and 6 times a week . Control group were using the class education programs. After 50 sessions both groups (experimental & control) were post tested Results: Data analyzed by Uman vitny and observed a significant difference in posttest among experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Experimental group gained more scores. This research indicated that sensory integration training improve balance (both static & dynamic balance)

Air pollution during pregnancy and placental adaptation in the levels of global DNA methylation

<div><p>Background</p><p>Health in early life is crucial for health later in life. Exposure to air pollution during embryonic and early-life development can result in placental epigenetic modification and foetus reprogramming, which can influence disease susceptibility in later life. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to investigate the placental adaptation in the level of global DNA methylation and differential gene expression in the methylation cycle in new-borns exposed to high fine particulate matter in the foetal stage.</p><p>Study design</p><p>This is a nested case-control study. We enrolled pregnant healthy women attending prenatal care clinics in Tehran, Iran, who were residents of selected polluted and unpolluted regions, before the 14th week of pregnancy. We calculated the regional background levels of particle mass- particles with aerodynamics diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10)—of two regions of interest. At the time of delivery, placental tissue was taken for gene expression and DNA methylation analyses. We also recorded birth outcomes (the new-born’s sex, birth date, birth weight and length, head and chest circumference, gestational age, Apgar score, and level of neonatal care required).</p><p>Results</p><p>As regards PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in different time windows of pregnancy, there were significantly independent positive correlations between PM10 and PM2.5 in the first trimester of all subjects and placental global DNA methylation levels (p-value = 0.01, p-value = 0.03, respectively). The gene expression analysis showed there was significant correlation between S-adenosylmethionine expression and PM2.5 (p = 0.003) and PM10 levels in the first trimester (p = 0.03).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our data showed prenatal exposures to air pollutants in the first trimester could influence placental adaptation by DNA methylation.</p></div

Fine particulate matter levels in two regions; polluted and non-polluted.

<p>Fine particulate matter levels in two regions; polluted and non-polluted.</p

Correlation between fine particulate matter concentrations and RNA expression levels of <i>DNMT-1 α</i> and <i>SAMe</i>.

<p>Correlation between fine particulate matter concentrations and RNA expression levels of <i>DNMT-1 α</i> and <i>SAMe</i>.</p

Differently expressed genes in placental tissues of mothers who lived in polluted region compared to those in non-polluted region.

<p>Not differentially expressed selected genes in placental samples from mothers in polluted compare to ones in non-polluted regions; with a fold change <1.5 (fold change values: DNMT-1 α = -1.2, and SAMe = 1.1).</p

Baseline characteristics of the mother-newborn pairs in two regions, mean± SE or number (%).

<p>Baseline characteristics of the mother-newborn pairs in two regions, mean± SE or number (%).</p

Distribution of monitoring stations and the sampling regions- polluted and non-polluted- in Tehran, Iran.

<p>The mean levels of PM2.5 and PM 10 are based on Tehran Air Quality Control Company report in 2015 -<a href="http://air.tehran.ir" target="_blank">http://air.tehran.ir</a>.</p

Correlation between fine particulate matter concentrations and placental DNA methylation in different time windows of pregnancy.

<p>Correlation between fine particulate matter concentrations and placental DNA methylation in different time windows of pregnancy.</p